Introduction. Pre-eclampsia occurs as a complication in 2-8% of pregnancies. 1 After pre-eclampsia, women have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including ischaemic heart disease and stroke. 2 Moreover, as pre-eclampsia and cardiovascular disease share most risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, 3, 4 pre-eclampsia functions as a marker for ....